Fuel injection device for internal combustion engines



Feb. 6, 1934. R. w. VIGERS Er AL 1,946,339

. FUEL INJECTIQN DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb. 26 1932 Z. wh /5253M 6/ fla wy Afi g acme Feb. 6, 1934 1,946,339

FUEL INJECTION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Ronald Whitehair Vlgersand Ernest Edward Chatter-ton, London, England, assignors to D. Napier & Son Limited, London, England, a company of Great Britain 1 Application February 26,1932, Serial No. 595,407, and in Great Britain June 25, 1931 5 Claims. (01. ass-ion) This "invention relates to fuel injection devices tion is not taking place a quantity of fuel is for internal combustion engines and has partrapped in the injection device. ticular reference to liquid fuel injection devices Theinvention may be carried into practice in of the airless open nozzle type, that is to'say invarious ways but three constructions according jection devices in which the pressure of the fuel thereto are illustrated somewhat diagrammati- 60 itself causes injection and no air is injected with why in sec o and y y Of example in t acthe fuel and the nozzle is not provided with a compa y drawing, i W eh controlling valve. I Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectionthrough a With injection devices of this type it has been fuel injection device .for use with an internal found that if the fuel supply is temporarily out combustion engine of the liquid fuel injection 66 off as, for example, when a road vehicle or aerocompression ignition yp plane is coasting and driving its engine, the fuel Figure 2 iS a View Similar to Figure 1 u tr left 'in'the injection device tends to pass as by ing & medified form of the v ce, and draining through the nozzle, so as to allow the F gure 3 is a figure Similar t u s 1 nd 2 engine to force ir through the injection nozzle illustrating a further modified form of device. 70 into the fuel line. When therefore the pump is In the construction illustrated in Figure 1, in again brought into operation the engine i slugjection device A is furnished with an injection gish in picking up or in some cases entirely fails neZZle B d n in t nipple C normally closed to do-so on account of air being trapped in the y a Spring-Controlled n neturn alve D. he pipe line, and the present invention has for its passage connecting the in C to he inj cti n 15 object to overcome thi difficult nozzle B is, in accordance with the present in- To this end according to the invention t vent-ion, formed with a bend E as shown so that jection device is so formed that when this device when the fuel pp y t0 the injection de ice is is disposed so as to inject fuel downwardly the t off, though u l in h fi a l ry ndu t fuel is delivered upwardly through a delivery o j ct on passage E may all drain or be withso passage in the injection device before it passes drawn through the injection nozzle B a quantity downwardly to the nozzle. Fuel thus tends to be f liquid fuel Will be app d i the bend E and retained in the upwardly directed passage so as W111 thus prevfimi P Passage O m the to form a seal to prevent air entering the fuel ensme to the P e when the Injecn leadingto the injection devica tion nozzle B is upwardly directed, the bend Preferably the fuel passage in the injection fqrmed in the fuel Passage between t e injection device through which fuel is delivered to the fuel Plpe E1 and the adlacent Parallel Portlon the delivery passage or injection conduit connected bend E W serve a trap f in a similar manner when the fuel supply is cut oil;

at its lower end to the injection nozzle passes first downwardlyand then upwardly to the upper figure 2 another construqtlon in end of the injection pipe so as to form a trap for Wm; z gfi fi. g t an Integral the liquid fuel. The fuelpassage in the injection f u W m promo m 9 chamber device may be formed with one or more subformed wlthm the body G of P j 40 stantially U-shaped bends wherein a quantity of gif zz g gg zgi g ggzh ig J f fg :3:

fuel is maintained by gravity or the injection chamber G1 A feed gz commas the device may comprise a downwardly directed ininlet C to J lower 2 of the intermediate 180mm chamber or passage which g i chamber G so that whcnthe fuel supply to the 6 3 5:253 g g g gg gz f i g r g a g g gf injection device is cutoff a quantity of fuel will termediate conduit or chamber a feed passage 33 trappedutllfhe mtirmidlate g mp 100 erasin econsrueionsownin gurel or tube communicating with the intermediate when the device is used with the injection nozzle chamber at a level below the upper end Of the upwardly directed t t end f t intemlediate iniectlon Passagechamber Ci adjacent to the inner end of the While the injection Chamber Passage injection tube F will serve as aliquid trap. 105

above described as being downwardly directed a In yet; another construction which is m fuel injection device according to the invention trated in Figure 3, the injection nozzle H has n may al e mp y d with th n ti pa sa integral cylindrical tube H which projects into and nozzle directed upwardly, the formation of a recess or chamber J formed in the body J th u Pa u n that when fu l injecof the injection device, an annular clearance no from the inlet C through the conduit K to the bottom of the intermediate chamber K from the top of which the fuel passes to the top of the annular injection chamber J 2 and thence through the passages H to the injection nozzle H. When the supply of fuel to the device is cut off a quantity of fuel will be retained in the intermediate chamber K thereby preventing the pipe line from being filled with air.

As in the construction illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the construction shown in Figure 3 may be employed with the injection nozzle H directed upwardly, and the ends of the chambers J, K adjacent to the inner end of the tube H will then serve as a liquid trap when the supply of fuel tothe injection device is cut off.

As will be readily seen in an injection device embodying the present invention all the fuel in the device will not be withdrawn when the fuel supply is cut 011 so that the possibility of the pipe line becoming filled with air during idle periods and effective injection thus impaired when injection recommences, is reduced to a minimum.

It will be understood that the constructions above described are given by way of example only and that these may be modified within wide limits without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

l. A fuel injection device of the airless open nozzle type for association with an internal combustion engine of the liquid fuel injection compression ignition type comprising an open nozzle, and a part formed with an unobstructed supply passage to said nozzle, said passage comprising a straight delivery passage communicating at its lower end with the nozzle, a straight intermediate passage communicating at its upper end with the upper end of the delivery passage, and a straight feed passage communicating at its lower end with the lower end of the intermediate passage.

2. A fuel injection device of the airless open nozzle type for association with an internal combustion engine of the liquid fuel injection compression ignition type comprising an open nozzle communicating at its lower end with the lower end of the intermediate passage.

3. For association with an internal combustion engine of the liquid fuel injection compression ignition type, a fuel injection device of the airless open nozzle type, comprising a nozzle adapted to deliver fuel into the cylinder of the engine and a body part having outer, inner and intermediate concentric passages, the outer passage communicating at its lower end with the nozzle and at its upper end with the upper end of the intermediate passage, while the inner passage constitutes the passage through which fuel is delivered to the device and opens at its lower end into the lower end of the intermediate passage.

4. For association with an internal combustion engine of the liquid fuel injection compression ignition type, a fuel injection device of the airless opening nozzle type, comprising a body part having formed therein a tubular recess and a fuel delivery passage communicating with such recess adjacent to the lower end of the recess, and a nozzle'member adapted to deliver fuel into the cylinder of the engine and closing the lower end of the recess and having a tubular extension which projects within the recess to a point above the end of the passage through which fuel is delivered to the recess as set forth.

5. For association with an internal combustion engine of the liquid fuel injection compression ignition type, a fuel injection device of the airless open nozzle type, comprising a body part containing a tubular recess from the upper end, and towards the lower end of which extends a tubular conduit throughwhich fuel is delivered to the recess, and a nozzle member adapted to deliver fuel into the cylinder of the engine and closing the lower end of the recess and provided with a tubular projection closed at its lower end and open at its upper end, this projection being spaced from and lying between the wall of the recess and the tubular conduit, one or more passages forming a communication between the nozzle and the space between the tubular projection on the nozzle and the wall of the recess so that fuel delivered through the tubular conduit can pass upwards between the wall of this conduit and the projection on the nozzle and then downwards between the wall of the recess and the projection on the nozzle and thence through the communicating passage or passages to the nozzle.

RONALD WHITEHAIR VIGERS. ERNEST EDWARD CHATTERTON. 

